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The sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor dapagliflozin is FDA-approved to slow progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. To determine whether empagliflozin has a similar effect, industry-supported researchers randomized 6600 patients with CKD to receive empagliflozin (10 mg daily) or placebo. Enrollment criteria included estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 20 and 45 mL/minute/1.73 m2 regardless of proteinuria, or GFR between 45 and 90 mL/minute in patients with substantial proteinuria.
About half of participants had diabetes. During median follow-up of 2 years, key findings were as follows:
Incidence of the primary composite outcome — largely comprising a 40% decline i…