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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have advanced to first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular cancer, with recent FDA approval for atezolizumab/bevacizumab and tremelimumab/durvalumab. Single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors, however, have achieved mixed results in first- or later-line therapy.
Investigators from China now report results of KEYNOTE-394, an industry-sponsored, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 3 trial comparing pembrolizumab to placebo as second-line therapy in advanced hepatocellular cancer. Of 453 patients, median age was 54, most were men, all had Child-Pugh liver classification A, and most had hepatitis B (79%) and extrahepatic disease (78%). Patients had previously received sorafenib (91%) or oxalipl…