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While other Orthopoxvirus infections typically result in sustained immunity, risk for recurrent mpox infection remains unclear. Now, investigators describe a single healthy individual with confirmed mpox virus reinfection.
After a high-risk exposure, a 31-year-old man with no known immunocompromising conditions developed localized disease with four umbilicated penile lesions. Testing was positive for mpox virus and Chlamydia trachomatis, and the lesions resolved without mpox treatment. Six months later (after multiple exposures in a high-endemicity country), he presented with anal pain. A small anal fissure (but no lesions typical of mpox) was observed. Testing was positive for both mpox virus and C. trachomatis. Repeat anal and pharyngeal s…