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Guidelines recommend a variety of structured dietary programs for preventing major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, but the evidence largely comes from observational studies, and the effect of diet on mortality is uncertain.
Researchers performed a network meta-analysis of 40 randomized studies that involved 35,000 adults at excess CV risk in which structured dietary interventions were compared with each other or with “minimal intervention” (i.e., no advice, usual care, or brief advice) for at least 9 months. Seven diets were assessed: low fat (i.e., 20%–30% of calories from fat), combined low fat and low sodium (i.e., Na <2.4 g daily), very low fat (i.e., 10%–20% of calories from fat), Ornish and Pritikin (both with <10% of calories from…