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The association between cannabis use and adverse pregnancy outcomes have been difficult to study given problems in accurately assessing cannabis use and in controlling for common confounding variables. This prospective study was designed to obviate some of those difficulties by employing frequent urine immunoassays of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol throughout pregnancy and by controlling for a wide range of clinical and demographic variables (including nicotine and other drug use, as assessed by urine assays). About 9300 pregnant people — 6.6% of whom used cannabis sometime during pregnancy — were enrolled.
A composite outcome of small-for-gestational-age birth, premature birth for medical indications (as opposed to spontaneous rup…