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Immune checkpoint inhibitor–based regimens are standard first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Such regimens include bevacizumab plus atezolizumab, tremelimumab plus durvalumab, and now, based on new trial results, nivolumab plus ipilimumab.
CheckMate 9DW was an industry-sponsored, open-label, phase 3 trial in which 668 patients with unresectable HCC were randomized to receive either nivolumab (1 mg/kg) plus ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) every 3 weeks for four treatments, followed by monthly nivolumab (480 mg; IPI/NIVO), or the investigator's choice of either lenvatinib or sorafenib (LS). Patients were predominantly male (82%), with about 40% treated in Asia and another 40% in Europe or North America; 34% had hepatitis B a…