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In 2023, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) panel released its fifth major revision. New, more inclusive definitions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD exacerbations are included, along with important updates on treatment (NEJM JW Gen Med May 15 2023 and Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:819).
Non–fully reversible airflow limitation on spirometry (FEV1/FVC <0.7 post-bronchodilation) in patients with chronic respiratory symptoms confirms COPD. The previous ABCD assessment scheme (with 4 combinations of symptoms and exacerbations) has been revised to 3 groups: A (mild symptoms and low exacerbation risk), B (increased symptoms but no exacerbations), and E (any symptom level with ≥2 moderate…