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The incidence of disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) has decreased over the past decade, with the advent of potent antiretroviral medications and effective MAC prophylaxis. However, some patients remain at risk for this serious opportunistic infection because of treatment failure with or intolerance of multiple antiretroviral regimens, especially among those who cannot tolerate MAC prophylaxis.
In a multicenter, open-label, randomized study, investigators compared the safety and efficacy of three established regimens for the treatment of disseminated MAC: clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily) combined with rifabutin (450 mg once daily), ethambutol (15 mg/kg once daily), or both. Eligible patients had symptoms consiste…