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Global efforts to stem the HIV epidemic have focused mainly on providing antiretroviral therapy, with substantially less attention on prevention. If this trend continues, with prevention programs implemented at current levels, the annual number of new HIV infections worldwide will increase by more than 20% over the next 10 years — from 4.8 million in 2005 to 5.9 million in 2015. This will result in a total of 62.3 million new HIV infections, including 7.9 million among children.
Researchers evaluated the cost-effectiveness and benefits of implementing a comprehensive HIV prevention program in 125 low- to middle-income countries. The hypothetical program consisted of 15 interventions targeted at sexual transmission and at transmission among i…