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The likelihood of men transmitting HIV has been shown to depend, in part, on the amount of replicating virus in their semen, with higher viral loads conferring higher risk. Consequently, antiretrovirals that can penetrate the male genital tract and reduce viral shedding there are of great interest. To determine whether tenofovir might have these effects, investigators conducted a pharmacokinetic study among nine men with detectable blood plasma viral loads (>200 copies/mL). Eight of the men were not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and were given a 14-day course of tenofovir monotherapy, followed by combination ART. The other man was already receiving a stable antiretroviral regimen at baseline and added tenofovir for 28 days. The stu…