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Studies evaluating the effects of PIs on insulin and glucose metabolism in HIV-positive patients have had mixed results. To isolate the direct effects of PIs on insulin/glucose metabolism (versus any indirect effects the drugs might have through antiviral or anti-inflammatory activity in HIV-positive patients), researchers in San Francisco have been studying lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-negative volunteers. In a previous study, they found no evidence that the drug induced insulin resistance but did note a modest deterioration in acute glucose tolerance, with a trend toward early decreased insulin levels, during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). In the present study, they administered a 4-week course of standard-dose lopinavir/r to eight …