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The incidence of anal cancer has been increasing since the introduction of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the reasons are unclear. In the present study, researchers evaluated the incidence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) among 247 HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) who were either initiating or already receiving potent ART. Participants underwent anal cytological analysis and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) at baseline and then every 6 months to 1 year for 3 years.
During follow-up, 17% of participants had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions at least once, and 54% of participants had high-grade AIN (AIN2/3) at least once. In two men (1% overall), the condition progressed to invasive a…