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The incidence of non–AIDS-defining cancers is increasing among HIV-infected patients, but the risk factors for such cancers are still under investigation. In this large cohort study, researchers evaluated the role of immunodeficiency, looking specifically at how long patients had low CD4-cell counts while receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (ART).
A total of 11,459 HIV-infected patients in the Netherlands (mostly men who have sex with men; 27% with prior AIDS diagnoses) were followed from the time they started ART, for a median of approximately 5 years. During that time, 236 non–AIDS-defining cancers were diagnosed; 102 were potentially related to infection (most commonly, anal cancer, laryngeal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and hepatoc…