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Recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated that patients with HIV/tuberculosis (TB) coinfection should begin antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible, but no later than 8 weeks, after initiation of TB therapy. The WHO recommends that ART for coinfected patients consist of two nucleosides (AZT or tenofovir + either 3TC or FTC) + efavirenz — and considers nevirapine an acceptable option when efavirenz cannot be used. Currently, nevirapine is the more widely used third drug because it is less expensive.
In this open-label noninferiority trial, conducted from mid-2006 to mid-2008, researchers directly compared once-daily nevirapine with once-daily efavirenz, each given in combination with ddI + 3TC. A total of 564 treatment-naive coi…