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In the RV144 trial, a candidate HIV vaccine offered modest but detectable protection against HIV acquisition (31.2%) in a low-risk community population in Thailand (JW AIDS Clin Care Oct 22 2009). This study suggested that the development of a safe and effective HIV vaccine is indeed possible. Now, investigators have conducted a case-control study to evaluate antibody and cellular immune correlates of vaccine-elicited protection in RV144. The study involved the 41 vaccinees who became infected with HIV during the trial and 205 matched vaccinees who remained uninfected.
Of the six primary immunologic variables assessed, two were found to correlate significantly with HIV infection risk. The binding of IgG antibodies to the HIV-1 Env variable r…