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The Duke criteria for infective endocarditis (IE) — which consist of major and minor criteria in various combinations — have been revised multiple times to improve accuracy, with the most recent iteration published by the International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) in 2023. Fever has remained a minor criterion throughout these revisions, but it’s a very nonspecific symptom. Would the criteria be more accurate without it?
To find out, researchers conducted a retrospective study involving 3700 patients treated for suspected IE at Swiss academic centers between 2014 and 2024. Patients were classified as having definite, possible, or no IE — first based on the full 2023 Duke–ISCVID criteria and then based on modi…