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The optimal approach to rapid tranquilization is controversial. This double-blind, multicenter study randomized 98 psychotic, agitated, and aggressive ED patients to intramuscular lorazepam (2 mg), haloperidol (5 mg), or both drugs. Patients with CNS depression and obvious alcohol intoxication were excluded; schizophrenia was the most common final diagnosis.
Patients were given up to six intramuscular doses within 12 hours and evaluated hourly for 24 hours. The first three doses were at least 1 hour apart. All three groups showed satisfactory tranquilization on three validated psychiatric scales, with a 34% to 40% incidence of side effects (ataxia, dizziness, dry mouth, speech disorder, or extrapyramidal symptoms) and no significant complica…