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Probiotics are live microorganisms (bacteria or yeast), found in yogurt and in supplements, which are touted to confer health benefits by promoting reestablishment of naturally occurring intestinal flora. Prior studies have shown that various probiotics can shorten the duration and reduce the severity of diarrhea. Researchers in Italy compared the efficacy of five probiotic preparations in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial that involved 571 consecutive children (age range, 3–36 months) who presented with diarrhea to their pediatricians. Patients received oral rehydration solution either alone (controls) or in addition to one of five different probiotic supplements for 5 days. Children with severe dehydration, malnutrition, or como…