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Almost half of emergency department patients are discharged with instructions to follow up with an outpatient clinic or physician, yet many patients do not comply or are not able to obtain an appointment. Often, the ability to safely discharge a patient rests on the success of obtaining outpatient follow-up care. In this study, research assistants called a random sample of 603 primary care and OB/GYN clinics in nine U.S. cities from a list provided by EDs. The callers posed as ED patients without established primary care, with or without insurance or Medicaid, who were seeking follow-up care for an ED visit that occurred on the previous day, during which they had received a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, asymptomatic accelerated…