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Recent guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation emphasize the importance of chest compressions relative to defibrillation and intubation. Recommendations for chest compression depth in young children are based on expert opinion and extrapolation from adult studies rather than on data in children. The American Heart Association recommends a compression depth of one third to one half of the anteroposterior diameter of the chest, while the European Resuscitation Council and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recommend a depth of one third. To estimate optimal chest compression depth in young children, these authors reviewed chest computed tomography scans for 280 children aged 8 years and younger at a single pediatric hos…