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Children, elders, and ethnic minorities are less likely than other patients to receive adequate analgesia for painful conditions in the emergency department (ED). These authors evaluated whether implementing a protocol for use of intranasal (IN) fentanyl for pain management in children would reduce time to administration of analgesics in a mixed adult and pediatric ED in Australia.
The protocol described appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria for use of IN fentanyl (1.5 µg/kg) in children aged 1–15 years with moderate-to-severe pain. The choice of IN fentanyl or intravenous (IV) morphine was at the clinicians' discretion. The authors identified 63 children who received IV morphine in the 7 months before implementation and 118 patients …