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Landmark studies demonstrated that reducing maternal viral load with zidovudine (ZDV) significantly decreased mother-to-infant HIV transmission. In subsequent trials, more-intensive treatment of mothers further reduced transmission rates, to ≤2%. Unfortunately, such regimens are too expensive and complex for use in developing countries. Three new reports detail efforts to develop effective, less expensive regimens.
Lallemant and colleagues, partially supported by industry, conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving HIV-infected pregnant women in Thailand who were receiving ZDV starting in the third trimester. The researchers assessed whether adding single doses of nevirapine (NVP), given to mothers at the onset …