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Infections due to antibiotic-nonsusceptible pneumococci are on the rise worldwide. Reducing the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is one way to tackle this problem. Although the original 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was not recommended for children younger than 2 years, preliminary data have suggested that the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), FDA approved in 2000 for use in all children younger than 2 years and certain high-risk children up to 8 years, does lower the rate of IPD. To determine whether such vaccination also was associated with lower incidence of antibiotic-nonsusceptible IPD, researchers examined the records of IPD cases from 1995 through 2002 in five urban counties of Tennessee, …