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Each year, approximately 450,000 people in the U.S. are infected with Shigella species, which are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and usually through person-to-person contact. Although most reported cases are in children <10 years of age, outbreaks in the 1970s among adults (primarily men who have sex with men [MSM]) raised the possibility of sexual transmission. In the mid-1990s, data suggested a correlation between HIV infection and shigellosis.
Investigators recently performed a population-based case-control study to analyze the role of HIV infection and sexual behavior in the transmission of Shigella species. Case-patients (n=76) were English-speaking adults living in San Francisco who had culture-confirmed shigellosis in 1998 or 199…