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Chemoprophylaxis and HIV treatment during pregnancy have reduced the risk for mother-to-child HIV transmission, but these interventions may increase the risk for HIV drug resistance among infants when transmission does occur. In part because mother-to-child transmission is so uncommon in the U.S. and Europe, little information is available on rates and types of drug resistance among HIV-infected infants. Now, investigators have evaluated pretreatment blood samples from enrollees in the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 1030 study, a multicenter trial of lopinavir/ritonavir among young infants in the U.S. and Brazil.
Five of 21 infants (24%) had drug-resistant virus present before initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Four of the 5 (80%) h…