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One of the most controversial issues in the field of infectious diseases is the management of “chronic Lyme disease.” To determine whether prolonged antibiotic therapy might benefit patients with chronic neurologic symptoms after treatment for Lyme disease, investigators in New York — with NIH funding — conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of a 10-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone (2 g daily). The patients had a history of clinical Lyme disease, as well as current serologic evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, ≥3 weeks of previous intravenous ceftriaxone therapy completed ≥4 months before study entry, and objective evidence of memory impairment (but no history of a condition that could confound…