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Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is endemic in Asia, where it accounts for an estimated 50,000 cases of clinical disease and 10,000 deaths annually. Production of the only JE vaccine currently licensed in the U.S., a formalin-inactivated, mouse-brain–derived product manufactured in Japan, has been discontinued because of safety concerns. In a recent industry-sponsored, multicenter, randomized, phase III trial, researchers compared the safety and immunogenicity of a new, Vero-cell–derived, inactivated JE vaccine with those of the licensed vaccine. Healthy adults with no immunity to flaviviruses received two doses of test vaccine intramuscularly (days 0 and 28, plus a placebo injection on day 7) or three dose…