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Since 1985, when screening of blood and organ donors for HIV began, transmission of this virus from donor to recipient has become very rare. However, one such case surfaced in 2010.
An adult with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure who had received blood transfusions in 2006 — but had no history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), injection drug use, sex with injection drug users, or other high-risk sexual activity — received a kidney from a living donor in 2009. The months following transplant were marked by multiple febrile illnesses, renal insufficiency, and evaluation for possible transplant rejection. One year posttransplant, the recipient (who had tested negative for HIV 12 days pretransplant and had not engaged in any high-risk …