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Background and Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 2 million Americans and 4.5 million Europeans, and its prevalence is increasing. AF-related symptoms, hemodynamic impairment, and embolic events are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and financial costs. In these 2006 AF guidelines, a revision of the 2001 document, the authors provide evidence-based recommendations and algorithms for managing the different types of AF (newly discovered, recurrent paroxysmal, recurrent persistent, and permanent), as well as guidance regarding…