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The acronym PHACE, coined in 1996, describes a syndrome characterized by facial hemangiomas combined with one or more other anomalies: Posterior fossa brain malformations, Hemangioma (facial, plaque-like, and segmental), and Arterial cerebrovascular, Cardiovascular, and Eye anomalies. Later, an S was added to represent possible Sternal, Supraumbilical, or other ventral defects. Over 200 patients have been described in the literature, but the etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors have not been systematically studied. Recently, investigators prospectively collected data on 1096 children with infantile hemangiomas seen at eight academic pediatric dermatology centers over a 1-year period and identified 25 new cases of PHACES syndrome (incide…