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Women develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) after infection with oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), contracted primarily from men with asymptomatic genital HPV infections. Data suggest that new HPV infections are common in men, especially among those with many previous sexual partners. Investigators prospectively evaluated the incidence of new HPV infection in 1159 U.S., Brazilian, and Mexican men. Most were uncircumcised. Men with penile or anal cancers; previous, known HIV or genital HPV infection; or current penile discharge or burning during urination were excluded. Patients were compensated to improve compliance and follow-up. Examinations were performed 2 weeks before enr…