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Criteria for classifying and diagnosing penile intraepithelial neoplasms (PeINs) are controversial and confusing. These lesions may evolve to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Investigators explored the diagnostic use of immunohistochemical profiles in the identification of PeIN.
They examined 53 cases of PeIN (differentiated PeIN, 34 cases; basaloid PeIN, 15 cases; and warty PeIN, 4 cases) and 21 cases of squamous hyperplasia (SH), performing immunohistochemical stains for p16, p53, and Ki-67 proteins, which are involved in cell proliferation. A full-thickness reaction was considered positive for p16; patchy or diffuse nuclear stain above the basal layer sufficed for p53 and Ki-67.
The researchers found p16 in the majority of the basaloid and w…