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The study by Armstrong and colleagues is yet another large observational study that demonstrates an association between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease (in this case, defined by cardiac catheterization). The authors used logistic regression to adjust for confounding factors, such as body-mass index, and appropriately reported an overall adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–2.8). The focus of this month's “Behind the Numbers” feature will be the interpretation of the measure of association estimated by the OR.
The term odds ratio is often, sometimes mistakenly, used interchangeably with the term relative risk (RR). The odds are expressed by the number of patients with the outcome of interest divided by the number…