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Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is a potential alternative to optical colon imaging for screening purposes. In a study from Madison, Wisconsin, the yield of CTC that was performed for screening in 3120 consecutive adults (mean age, 57) was compared with primary optical colonoscopy (OC) in 3163 similar consecutive adults. (The study was not randomized.) Patients were referred for OC after CTC if CTC identified any polyps ≥10 mm or ≥3 smaller (6–9 mm) polyps. Patients with one or two smaller polyps were offered same-day OC and polypectomy or follow-up CTC surveillance at 3 years.
During CTC, 123 advanced neoplasms (including 12 cancers) were found; during OC screening, 121 advanced neoplasms (including 4 cancers) were found. About 8% o…