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Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Prior meta-analyses have assessed only some UGIB therapies, and most studies have compared only two of all available therapies. Now, investigators have performed a meta-analysis of all available endoscopic and pharmacologic therapies for patients with actively bleeding ulcers, nonbleeding visible vessels, or adherent clots to identify the optimal therapy for each type of UGIB.
An exhaustive literature review identified 75 studies of thermal, injection, or pharmacologic therapy or hemostatic clips. Data were combined to provide summary estimates of effect. Second-look endoscopy studies were excluded. The primary endpoint was recu…