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Celiac disease is associated with an elevated risk for mortality. To more broadly assess celiac-specific mortality according to small-intestinal histopathology, investigators conducted a retrospective, case-control study involving more than 46,000 Swedish patients for whom duodenal or jejunal biopsy samples were available.
Patients were divided into three groups by diagnosis: 29,096 had overt celiac disease (biopsy showed villous atrophy); 13,306 had small-intestinal inflammation only (biopsy showed intraepithelial lymphocytosis or excess numbers of lymphocytes in the duodenal or jejunal epithelium, considered to be early but not diagnostic histological findings of celiac disease); and 3719 had latent celiac disease (duodenal biopsy was norm…