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Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are thought to develop when the immune response directed against cancer cells cross-reacts with components of the nervous system, leading to neurologic dysfunction. In recent decades, the identification of onconeural antibodies as diagnostic markers has greatly advanced the diagnosis and categorization of such syndromes. In this review, Darnell and Posner summarize the known PNS that are believed to be immune-mediated and discuss their clinical features, classification, immunopathogenesis, and treatment.
The authors recognize 26 clinical PNS and 15 associated antibodies. They offer insights into the issues that have been raised in the field, emphasizing several clinical pearls, including the followin…