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Autoimmune limbic encephalitis is a relatively rare disorder characterized by rapidly progressive short-term memory deficits, psychiatric disorders, and seizures. Many patients have lymphocytic pleocytosis in CSF and abnormalities on EEG and MRI. Although several potential causes exist, an underlying cancer accounts for a large proportion of patients with limbic encephalitis. Tüzün and Dalmau recently reviewed the important progress made in the past few years in understanding the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.
Most patients have autoantibodies directed against one of two broad groups of antigens. The first group includes antibodies against intracellular antigens, such as the anti-Hu, CV2/CRMP5, Ma2, and amphiphysin antib…