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It has been known for more than a century that pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the cortical and subcortical gray matter. MS is often associated with cognitive impairment, including disturbances in attention span, cognitive processing speed, and episodic memory. The authors of this study investigated three main issues related to thalamic atrophy in MS: the extent of atrophy, the relation between thalamic atrophy and cognition, and the relations between cognitive outcome measurements and common volumetric MRI measurements (T1 hypointense and FLAIR hyperintense lesion load, whole brain atrophy, and third ventricle width). The study included 16 controls and 79 MS patients; 31 of the MS patients underwent cognitive evaluation. Thal…