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The most common cause of neuropathy is diabetes mellitus. Diabetic neuropathy is increasing in prevalence in association with the worldwide diabetes epidemic. Zochodne reviews diabetes-induced peripheral nervous system disorders, focusing on classification and prevalence, clinical manifestations, neurophysiology, morphology, and neurobiology.
Increased understanding of the complex neurobiology underlying diabetic neuropathy, together with sometimes-divergent neuropathology findings, has resulted in competing theories about causal mechanisms. Proposed mechanisms variously involve microangiopathy, increased polyol flux through the aldose reductase pathway, abnormal signaling from advanced glycation endproducts, deficient neuronal growth factor…