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The German Federal Committee of Physicians and Health Insurers funded this project to determine whether acupuncture reduced headache frequency when added to routine headache treatment. The 6-month study included 15,056 patients with migraine or tension-type headache; they or their physicians had actively considered acupuncture prior to study inclusion. Of these patients, 1613 were randomized to receive acupuncture; another 1569 were randomized to a delayed-acupuncture control group, receiving no acupuncture for 3 months, followed by acupuncture for the next 3 months. The 11,874 patients who refused randomization received acupuncture during the first 3 months. About 15% of the subjects dropped out. The study did not include sham acupuncture …