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Several lines of evidence suggest that relative reductions in both sunlight exposure and vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this case–control study, researchers examined sun-exposure factors in 216 patients with a first demyelinating event (FDE) and 395 controls from across regions of Australia ranging from latitudes 27°S to 43°S. Participants completed a validated questionnaire that quantified lifetime sun exposure, and they provided serum samples for vitamin D measurement. Examination data included skin and eye color, ethnicity, nevi count, melanin density in a non–sun-exposed site, and estimates of actinic skin damage. The researchers estimated lifetime ambient ultraviolet (UV) light expos…