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Many of us assume that memory of a sad or a happy event is critical to producing the emotion again. If we could not recall the event, would the emotion still be present? To find out, researchers examined emotional responses to two series of film clips (one happy, one sad) in four amnestic patients with bilateral hippocampal damage. Five to 10 minutes after each film clip, researchers tested verbal memory and picture recognition. They measured emotional state four times (30 minutes before inducing emotion with the film clips and 0–5 minutes, 10–20 minutes, and 20–30 minutes afterwards). To confirm that the participants exhibited the appropriate responses, raters observed emotional responses during the induction, and investigators tested norm…