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Cognitive theories of depression have focused on the roles of negative belief systems regarding the self, world, and future and on more fundamental cognitive tendencies such as bias toward negative stimuli. Although both genetic and environmental factors influence cognitive style, the major determinants are currently attributed to early experiences, particularly to explanations for events given by primary caregivers, especially mothers. Using data from a large-scale U.K. longitudinal study, investigators compared cognitive styles of 2528 mothers assessed during their pregnancies in the early 1990s with their offspring's subsequent cognitive style and depression ratings, collected at the mean age of 18 years.
The researchers controlled for va…