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To better understand the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these investigators used regional homogeneity synchronization (ReHo), a recently developed method of measuring results from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). ReHo capitalizes on the concept that functional clusters exhibit temporal and spatial synchronization.
In this crossover study, 23 boys with comprehensively diagnosed ADHD (10 with inattentive subtype; mean age, 12) underwent rs-fMRI scans while receiving placebo or a single 10-mg methylphenidate dose in a blinded, counterbalanced design. Scans occurred at 2 to 7 days between doses (>5 half-lives of methylphenidate). Thirty-two age-matched control boys without ADHD w…