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In attempts to improve upon conventional risk factors as predictors of death and cardiovascular events, researchers are examining newer biomarkers.
In one study, 10 biomarkers were measured in 3209 Framingham Study participants (mean age, 59): C-reactive protein (CRP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro–atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, renin, fibrinogen, plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1, d-dimer, homocysteine, and urine albumin:creatinine ratio. Subjects were followed for an average of 7 years, during which 6% died and 6% had a first major cardiovascular event. In multivariable analysis of the 10 biomarkers, 5 (BNP, CRP, homocysteine, renin, and urine albumin:creatinine ratio) independently predicted death, and 2 …