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Efforts to change behavior have failed to appreciably slow the incidence of HIV infection in the developing world. Male circumcision, however, has been associated with reduced incidence of HIV infection in observational studies, and a randomized trial of male circumcision in South Africa was stopped early after showing a 60% reduction in incidence. Now, two more randomized trials of male circumcision have been stopped early after yielding similar results.
In these studies, researchers in Kenya and Uganda randomized 7780 uncircumcised, HIV-negative men to surgical circumcision either immediately or after a delay of 24 months. Periodically, for a median of 2 years after randomization, subjects were tested for HIV seroconversion and received ri…