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Although many weight-loss diets are touted as “the best” by their advocates, few high-quality comparative studies have been conducted. In this randomized trial, Israeli researchers compared three diets — a low-fat calorie-restricted diet based on American Heart Association guidelines, a moderate-fat calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet, and a low-carbohydrate non–calorie-restricted diet based on the Atkins diet — in 322 moderately obese adults (mean body-mass index, 31 kg/m2; 86% male). The trial was based at a workplace where lunch (the main meal), tailored to the three diets, was provided in the cafeteria and where study participants met frequently with dieticians.
At 2 years, mean weight loss was significantly greater in the low-carbohyd…