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Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the U.S., largely because diagnosis usually is not made until disease is advanced. In a study funded by the National Cancer Institute, investigators are examining whether screening will lower ovarian cancer mortality rates in healthy women. Participants (age range at entry, 55–74) have been randomized to four rounds of annual screening with transvaginal ultrasonography plus serum CA 125 testing or to regular gynecologic care without screening. In this report, researchers present initial outcomes from the four annual screens.
Of more than 30,000 women in the study’s screening arm who underwent at least one annual screen, 11.1% had at least one positive test resul…