Molecule Important in Memory Could Lead to New Therapies

The acetylation of histone proteins in chromatin triggers the expression of genes that increase the number of synapses and strengthen memory (JW Gen Med Jun 7 2007). However, because histone acetylation is central to gene expression in every cell in the body, a drug that increases histone acetylation might enhance memory but also produce a host of unwanted effects.

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is part of a family of HDAC molecules that are expressed in different cells. Researchers report that HDAC2 is expressed in memory neurons but not other cells; memory is improved when HDAC2 is less active. When the gene for HDAC2, but not other HDAC molecules, was knocked out, mice had increased numbers of synapses and improved memory.